To import time-series data into HEC-HMS, the most common method is to create an HEC-DSS (Data Storage System) file using HEC-DSSVue. Here are the main steps:
- Prepare the Data (Excel, CSV format)
- Import Data into HEC-DSSVue
- Link the DSS file into HEC-HMS. (https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/confluence/hmsdocs/hmsguides/introduction-to-shared-component-data/creating-time-series-data)
1. Prepare the Data
1.1 Choose an Appropriate Time Interval
HEC-HMS requires consistent time intervals for time-series data. Common intervals include:
- Hourly (e.g., 01-Jan-2024 00:00, 01-Jan-2024 01:00, ...)
- Daily (e.g., 01-Jan-2024, 02-Jan-2024, ...)
- 15-minute, 30-minute intervals for high-resolution hydrologic models
Ensure all data points follow a uniform interval without missing values.
1.2 Format the Data Correctly
The data should be in a structured tabular format (Excel, CSV, or TXT) before importing into HEC-DSSVue. The recommended structure is:
Example: CSV Format (Comma-Separated Values)
Date,Time,Precipitation(mm)
2024-01-01,00:00,2.5
2024-01-01,01:00,1.8
2024-01-01,02:00,0.0
Date & Time format: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM" (or separate date and time columns)
The data values must be numeric (avoid text or symbols).
1.3 Handling Missing or Incomplete Data
If there are missing values, fill them using interpolation or assign 0.0 (if appropriate).
Ensure there are no duplicate timestamps in the dataset.
If data is from multiple stations, organize separate files for each location.
1.4 Check Units and Consistency
Precipitation: mm, inches
Discharge (Flow): m³/s, cfs
Temperature: °C, °F
Ensure all values are in the correct units before importing into HEC-DSSVue.
2. Import Data into HEC-DSSVue
2.1 Open HEC-DSSVue and Create/Open a DSS File
Click on File > New... to create a new DSS file, or select File > Open... to modify an existing DSS file.
Then, choose a location and name for your .dss file (e.g., hydro_data.dss).
2.2 Importing Time-Series Data (Using the Import Wizard)
To import data from a CSV, Excel, or TXT file, follow these steps:
1. Go to Data > Import...
2. In the Import Wizard, select the file you want to import (.csv, .txt, .xlsx).
3. A window with the imported data appears. Usually, you can have the first rows containing text values like "Data" and "Precipitation (mm)", as shown in the picture below. You have to avoid this text data to be imported: right-click on the text cells > Skip Cell.
Now your text cells have turned grey.
4. Specify what type of data are collected in these columns.
In this case:
- the first column is showing date and time;
- the second column is showing precipitation values.
Therefore, right click on the number 1 (that identify the first column) > Date-Time Column > Date and Time Column. The first column turns green.
For the precipitation values: put the pointer over the number that identify the column of the precipitation values (in this case number 2): right click > Set Data Column. A new dialog box will appear.
5. A dialog box appears, asking the following information:
- Pathname parts to be filled (A, B, C, D, E, F)
- A: Name of the Watershed (example: Matagorda)
- B: Name of the data recording station (example: T2)
- C: Identify the type of data (example: Precipitation)
- D: Represents the starting date. Since you already have a starting date, according to your data, you cannot insert it.
- E: Time-step. It is set as 1 HOUR. You can change it according to your data.
- F: The F part of the pathname is typically used to further describe the dataset, such as a version identifier or a user-defined label. It may contain information like:
- Dataset revision number (Version 1, Rev A, etc.);
- Model or simulation identifier;
- Specific notes about the data source.
- Start Date: in this case is auto-compiled reading on your data.
- Units:
- For flow data:
- Imperial System: CFS (Cubic Feet per Second), AF/DAY (Acre-Feet per Day)
- Metric System: CMS (Cubic Meters per Second), LPS (Liters per Second)
- For precipitation data:
- Imperial System: IN (Inches), IN/HR (Inches per Hour), IN/DAY (Inches per Day)
- Metric System: MM (Millimeters), MM/HR (Millimeters per Hour), MM/DAY (Millimeters per Day)
- For flow data:
- Start Time: it is auto-compiled as well.
- Type: select a data type. Options are PER-AVER, PER-CUM, INST-VAL, and INST-CUM.
6. Click Import Now.
For the case of precipitation data you will have the dialog box compiled this way:
PER-AVER: Period Average
The value represents the average over the specified time interval. It's common for flow (discharge), temperature and evapotranspiration data.
If the time interval is hourly, the value at 01:00 represents the average flow between 00:00 and 01:00.
If daily, the value at 00:00 represents the average over the previous day.
PER-CUM: Period Cumulative
The value represents the total amount accumulated over the time interval. Used for precipitation, runoff volume, accumulated inflow data.
Time Precipitation (mm)
00:00 2.5 ← Total rain from 23:00 to 00:00
01:00 1.8 ← Total rain from 00:00 to 01:00
02:00 0.0 ← No rain between 01:00 and 02:00
At 01:00, 1.8 mm of rain fell during the previous hour (00:00 to 01:00).
7. Now you get back to the previous table with the data values.
2.4 Verify and Save the DSS File
1. In HEC-DSSVue, navigate to View > Catalog to check the imported data.
2. Select a dataset and click Plot to visualize it.
3. If the data appears correct, save the DSS file.
3. Link the DSS File in HEC-HMS
3.1 Open HEC-HMS and Load the Project
1. Launch HEC-HMS.
2. Open your existing project or create a new one.
3. Ensure that you have defined the Basin Model and Meteorologic Model (if precipitation data is needed).
3.2 Add a New Time-Series Data Component
To link the DSS file, follow these steps:
In the Components tab, navigate to:
Components > Time-Series Data
Then you can choose what type of time-series data you want to insert in your project.
If you want to import rainfall data, select Precipitation Gages.
Choose the appropriate data type, such as:
- Precipitation Gage (for rainfall data)
- Discharge Gage (for streamflow data)
- Temperature Gage (for temperature data)
- Evapotranspiration Gage (for ET data)
Then, assign a name to the dataset (e.g., "Rainfall_Station1").
3.3 Specify the DSS File and Pathname
1. In the Component Editor (right-side panel), find the Time-Series Data section.
2. Set Data Source to DSS File.
3. Click the ... (browse button) and select your .dss file (e.g., hydro_data.dss).
4. Enter the DSS Pathname
5. Click Apply to save the settings.
3.4 Verify the Imported Data
1. In HEC-HMS, go to Components > Time-Series Data and select the dataset.
2. Click Plot to visualize the time-series graph.
3. If the data does not appear correctly:
Check that the DSS Pathname matches the one in HEC-DSSVue.
Make sure the Time Interval in HEC-HMS matches the data in the DSS file.
3.5 Assign the Time-Series Data to the Model
After linking the DSS file, assign the data to your simulation components:
For Precipitation Data (Meteorologic Model)
1. In the Meteorologic Model, set the Precipitation Method to Gage Weights or Specified Hyetograph.
2. Select the DSS-based Precipitation Gage created earlier.
For Streamflow Data (Basin Model)
1. Select the Basin Model and the corresponding river reach.
2. Assign the DSS-based Discharge Gage as the observed inflow or outflow.
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